Introduction

On November 8, 1895, William C. Roentgen discovered the x-ray. About half a month after the announcement of this discovery, Friedrich Otto Walkhoff took the first dental radiograph. It took him 25 minutes to get his radiographic image. Since then, technological advances have dramatically improved radiographic image quality. However, the X-ray beam quality, quantity, and intensity affect the radiographic image quality. The radiographic object has not changed.

This course aims to explain the factors responsible for forming the radiographic image and how they affect the image quality.