All food groups contain foods rich in minerals. However, the content in our diet varies greatly depending on the quality of foods consumed and the soil and water conditions in which plants have grown. The most common mineral deficiencies include Calcium, Zinc, Iron, Magnesium and Iodide. Tables 3 and 4 describe how these minerals keep you healthy; their function, sources, and effects of getting too little.11
Table 3. Minerals for Bones and Teeth.11
Mineral | Source | Deficiency |
---|
Calcium: (Ca)- Most abundant mineral in the body
- Stored in teeth and bones
- Muscle contraction
- Hormone production
| - Dairy
- Fortified orange juice and soy milk
| Hypocalcemia
- Osteomalacia
- Osteopenia
- Rickets
|
Phosphorus: (P)- Formation of bone and teeth
- Protein synthesis
- Muscle contraction
| - Dairy
- Meat
- Fish
- Nuts and legumes
| Hypophosphatemia
- Muscle weakness
- Bone pain and fracture
- Loss of appetite
|
Fluorine: (F)- Increase retention of calcium in teeth and bones
| | - Dental caries
- Bone fractures in elderly
|
Magnesium: (Mg)- Mineralization of bone and teeth
- Neural transmitter
- Muscle contraction
| - Green leafy vegetables
- Nuts
- Whole grains
- Chocolate
| Hypomagnesium
- Diarrhea and vomiting
- Muscle tremors
|
Table 4. Trace Minerals: Needed in smaller amounts but play a powerful role in health.11
Trace Minerals | Source | Deficiency |
---|
Iron:(Fe)- Component of hemoglobin
- Transportation of oxygen
- Absorption aided by Vitamin C and hampered by phytochemicals
| - Heme iron: meat, fish, poultry
- Non-heme iron: legumes, leafy greens and chocolate
| - Food insecure households
- Impaired immunity
- Angular cheilitis
|
Zinc: (Zn)- Coenzyme in over 100 functions
- Immunity
- Wound healing
| | - Loss of appetite, taste and smell
- Slow tissue repair
- Eye and skin lesions
|
Copper (Cu)- Aids in the absorption of iron
- Antioxidant
| - Shellfish
- Nuts
- Organ meats
- Legumes
| - Osteoporosis,
- Anemia
- Muscle weakness
|
Manganese (Mn)- Antioxidant
- Wound healing
- Co-enzyme
| - Raisin bran cereal
- Brown rice
- Pineapple
- Green tea
| - Growth reduction
- Glucose intolerance
|
Iodide (I)- Part of thyroid hormone
- Immune system
| - Iodized salt
- Cod
- Yogurt
- Milk
| Hypothyroidism
- Goiter
- Weight gain
- Intolerance to cold
|