Nutritional Components and their Relation to Periodontal Health and Disease

It is well-established that carbohydrate substrate and cariogenic bacteria are the causative agents for dental caries. The role of diet and nutritional consumption on periodontal health are less well-defined. Nutrients are generally classified as macronutrients or micronutrients and delineated by the amount consumed in a typical diet.^31,32 Macronutrients are consumed in gram quantities and include protein, carbohydrates, and lipids.^31,32 Conversely, micronutrients are required in the diet in milligram or even microgram quantities and include vitamins and minerals.^31,32 Humans also require adequate consumption of water for health and optimal functioning.^31,32 A variety of nutrients have been identified as having a major impact on periodontal health.^33-36 We will discuss the impacts of macronutrients and select micronutrients on periodontal health and disease (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Macronutrients in common foods.

Figure 1. Macronutrients in common foods.