Importance of Oral Health

Impact on Overall Health

Although nursing home staff are focused on the health of the residents in their care, they are often unaware of the impact oral health has on overall health. Dental professionals can play a key role in communicating this connection, including the following information. Plaque (biolfilm) is the source of harmful bacteria that lives within the oral cavity. When we educate our patients on plaque removal, they are often motivated by the prevention of halitosis (bad breath), caries development, and gum disease. However, biofilm and oral disease, specifically periodontitis, is also linked to other systemic and inflammatory illnesses including diabetes, pulmonary conditions, cardiovascular disease, and dementia.¹ These conditions are prevalent in nursing home residents, making plaque removal a vital component in maintaining their health. For example, aspiration pneumonia is one of the leading preventable causes of death in nursing homes due to increased dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) combined with harmful oral bacteria that can cause infections in the lungs.^5,6 When a resident aspirates (inhales/breathes an object into the lungs) harmful plaque, the plaque travels to the lungs, potentially causing pneumonia. Simply removing the plaque can reduce the risk of pneumonia, prevent illness, and stop the progression of existing illness.

Impact on Quality of Life

Oral health is a critical factor in determining quality of life. While oral health issues may not always be life-threatening, they represent a major public health concern due to their high prevalence, particularly among older adults.⁷ Teeth play a vital role in smiling, speaking, and eating. When these functions are compromised by tooth or mouth pain, it can lead to decreased confidence, social withdrawal, and poor nutrition. In fact, poor oral health is the most significant risk factor for malnutrition in older adults.¹ Consistent, proper oral care can prevent oral disease and pain, thereby enhancing quality of life.