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The Truth about Hidden Sugars: A Risk for Health

Course Number: 694

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References / Additional Resources

  1. Shanmugasundaram, S., & Karmakar, S. (2024). Excess dietary sugar and its impact on periodontal inflammation: A narrative review. BDJ Open, 10(1), 78.

  2. Gillespie, K. M., Kemps, E., White, M. J., & Bartlett, S. E. (2023). The impact of free sugar on human health: A narrative review. Nutrients, 15(4), 889.

  3. World Health Organization. (n.d.). Obesity and overweight.

  4. Marí, J. A. T. (2017). Hidden sugar in food: A risk for health. Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, 3(5).

  5. Major study of diabetes trends shows Americans’ blood sugar control is getting worse. (n.d.). Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

  6. Park, W. Y., Yiannakou, I., Petersen, J. M., Hoffmann, U., Ma, J., & Long, M. T. (2022). Sugar-sweetened beverage, diet soda, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease over 6 years: The Framingham Heart Study. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 20(11), 2524–2532.e2.

  7. Patel, S. (2015, May 1). The foods with high amounts of hidden sugar. The Independent. Retrieved from

  8. Guney, C., Bal, N. B., & Akar, F. (2023). The impact of dietary fructose on gut permeability, microbiota, abdominal adiposity, insulin signaling and reproductive function. Heliyon, 9(8), e18896.

  9. UCSF. (n.d.). SugarScience. Hidden in plain sight: Added sugar is hiding in 74% of packaged foods.

  10. FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Changes to the Nutrition Facts Label. Updated 28 Jun 2018. Accessed November 17, 2024

  11. Werle, C. O. C., Gauthier, C., Yamim, A. P., & Bally, F. (2024). How a food scanner app influences healthy food choice. Appetite, 200, 107571.

  12. Reddy, N., Verma, N., & Dungan, K. (2023). Monitoring technologies: Continuous glucose monitoring, mobile technology, biomarkers of glycemic control. In Feingold, K. R., Anawalt, B., Blackman, M. R., et al. (Eds.), Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc. Retrieved from

  13. Johnson-Greene, C. (2018, August 3). Glycemic index chart: GI ratings for hundreds of foods. University Health News Daily. Retrieved from

  14. American Diabetes Association. (2023). American Diabetes Association releases 2023 standards of care in diabetes to guide prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for people living with diabetes.

  15. Image of Sugars. Pixabay.

  16. Food companies’ nutrition labels: Truth or trick? (2024, May 20). The Guardian.

  17. Center for Science in the Public Interest. (n.d.). Front-package nutrition labeling.

  18. Keck School of Medicine of USC. (2024, November 18). You know sugar is bad for your kids. Here’s what you can do.

  19. Interactive Nutrition Facts Label

  20. Ending Childhood Dental Caries: WHO implementation manual. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019/ License CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO

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