| Class | Generic Name | Brand Name | Mechanisms of Action |
|---|
| Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) | abacavir (ABC)
emtricitabine (FTC)
lamivudine (3TC)
tenofovir (TDF)
zidovudine (AZT, ZDV) | Ziagen
Emtriva
Epivir
Viread
Retrovir
| Mimic deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, the natural substrate for reverse transcriptase – they become incorporated into the growing DNA chain, terminate elongation and decrease or prevent HIV replication |
| Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) | doravirine (DOR)
efavirenz (EFV)
etravirine (ETR)
nevirapine (NVP)
rilpivirine (RPV) | Pifeltro
Sustiva
Intelence
Viramune
Edurant
| Bind near the catalytic site of reverse transcriptase and inhibit a crucial step in the transcription of the RNA genome into double-stranded retroviral DNA |
| Protease inhibitors (PIs) | atazanavir (ATV)
darunavir (DRV)
fosamprenavir (FPV)
ritonavir (RTV)
saquinavir (SQV)
tipranavir (TPV) | Reyataz
Prezista
Lexiva
Norvir
Invirase
Aptivus
| Prevent cleavage of viral proteins during assembly and maturation – a process essential for the newly formed virus to become infectious |
| Fusion inhibitors | Enfuvirtide (T-20) | Fuzeon | An anti-HIV peptide structurally similar to a segment of the HIV protein (gp 41) – blocks membrane fusion |
| CCR5 antagonists | maravoric (MVC) | Selzentry | Blocks CCR5, one of the two major co-receptors used by HIV-1 to attach to host cells |
| Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) | cabotegravir (CAB)
dolutegravir (DTG)
raltegravir (RAL)
| Vocabria
Tivicay
Tivicay PD
Isentress
Isentress HD
| Blocks HIV-1 integrase – prevents viral DNA from integrating with host cell DNA |
| Attachment inhibitors | Fostemsavir (FTR)
| Rukobia
| Bind to the gp120 protein on the outer surface of HIV, preventing HIV from entering CD4 cells |
| Post-attachment inhibitors | ibalizumab-uiyk
(TMB-355)
| Trogarzo
| Blocks CD4 receptors on the surface of certain immune cells – preventing entry of HIV into cell |
| Capsid inhibitors | Lencapavir
| Sunlenca
| Interferes with the HIV capsid, a protein shell that protects HIV's genetic material and enzymes needed for replication |
| Pharmacokinetic enhancers | cobicistat (COBI)
| Tybost
| Inhibit the breakdown of ATV and DRV – enhancing efficacy |
